The BirthMark answers

ANSWER'S

5. Yes, Aylmer is trying to change he's wife imperfection (the birthmark).
13. Life, because you can live with and imperfection, but perfect you you can't, like the story demonstrates.
12. Yes, that life is more important than the perfection.
19. When people risk their own life.
24. To prove that the science is better then he's wife, or to prove that the elixir worked.